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Bones & Joints | Arthritis basics

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a progressive disease that causes bones to become thin and brittle. It makes them more prone to breakage.

Osteoporosis may result in broken bones (fractures) in the spine and hip. Hip fractures often require hospitalization, and fractures of the bones in the spine (vertebrae) can cause loss of height and severe back pain. Both may lead to permanent disability.

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by the loss of the normal density of bone, resulting in fragile bone. Osteoporosis leads to literally abnormally porous bone that is more compressible like a sponge

Whether you develop osteoporosis depends on the thickness of your bones early in life, as well as on health, diet, and physical activity later in your life.

Causes

During childhood and few years later, new bone grows faster than existing bone is absorbed by the body.

As a natural part of aging, bone dissolves and is absorbed faster than new bone is made after the age of 30 resulting thinner bones. You are more prone to have osteoporosis if you did not reach your ideal bone thickness (bone mineral density) during your early stages of life.

In women, bone loss increases around menopause, when ovaries decrease production of estrogen, a hormone that protects against bone loss. In both men and women, the older you get the more likely you are to have osteoporosis.

Not getting enough calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus contributes to bone thinning and ultimately osteoporosis. Additionally, a tendency for lower bone mass may pass from parent to child.

Symptoms

In the early stages of osteoporosis, you usually do not have symptoms. As the disease progresses, you may develop symptoms related to weakened bones that includes

Back pain.
Loss of height and stooped posture.
A curved upper back (dowager's hump).
Broken bones (fractures) that might occur with a minor injury, especially in the hip, spine, and wrist.

Diagnosis

A diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on your medical history, physical examination, and a test to measure your bone thickness (density). During a physical exam, your health professional will:
Measure your height and compare the results with past measurements. .
Examine your body for evidence of previous broken bones, such as changes in the shape of your long bones and spine. See an illustration of a compression fracture of the spine

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