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Cold sores|Fever Blisters

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Signs and Symptoms

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Cold sores is also known as fever blisters. They are quite different from
canker sores, a condition people sometimes associate them with. Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus, and they're contagious.
Signs and symptoms Causes Complications
Treatment Prevention

Signs and symptoms

  • Small, painful, fluid-filled blisters on a raised, red, painful area of your skin
  • Pain or tingling, called the prodrome, often precedes the blisters by one to two days
  • Cold sores usually appear on your lips. Occasionally, they occur on your nostrils, chin or fingers. And, although it's unusual, they may occur inside your mouth.

Causes

Certain strains of the herpes virus cause cold sores. Herpes simplex virus type 1 usually causes cold sores and Herpes simplex virus type 2 is usually responsible for genital herpes. Either type of the virus can cause sores in the facial area or on the genitals. You get cold sores from another person who has an active lesion. Shared eating utensils, razors and towels may spread this infection.

Once you've had an episode of cold sores, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cells in your skin and may emerge again and again as an active infection at or near the original site. You may experience an itch or heightened sensitivity at the site preceding each attack. Fever, menstruation, stress and exposure to the sun may trigger a recurrence of cold sore.

Complications

Complications - Cold sores are contagious and they can pass from one person to another through skin-to-skin contact. The greatest risk of infection is from the time the blisters appear until they have completely dried and crusted over. There is a possibility of spreading the virus for some time even after the skin has healed. So be careful!

If you have a cold sore, avoid close contact with infants, anyone who has eczema (atopic dermatitis) or people with a suppressed immune system, such as people with cancer, AIDS or an organ transplant. These people are at higher risk of more severe infection.

Treatment

Cold sores generally clear up without treatment in seven to 10 days. Medical consultancy is the best way to fight cold sores. If you experience frequent bouts, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication to treat cold sores. Using a medication may shorten the duration of cold sores and decrease your pain.
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Prevention

You can take steps to guard against cold sores, to prevent spreading them to other parts of your body or to avoid passing them from one person to another. Here are some tips
  • Avoid kissing and skin contact with people while blisters are present
  • Avoid sharing items. Utensils, towels and other items can spread the virus when blisters are present
  • Keep your hands clean
  • Avoid triggers
  • Use sunblock

Flu

Influenza, also known as 'flu', is a respiratory infection caused by a variety of flu viruses. The most familiar aspect of the flu is the way it can "knock you off your feet" as it sweeps through entire family and communities.

The flu differs in several ways- from the common cold, a respiratory infection also caused by viruses. People with colds rarely get fevers or headaches or suffer from the extreme exhaustion that flu viruses cause.
Symptoms Diagnosis Prevention
Medicine for Prevention

Symptoms

If you get infected by the flu virus, you will usually feel symptoms in 1 to 4 days. You can spread the flu to others before your symptoms start and for another 3 to 4 days after your symptoms appear. The symptoms start very quickly are
  • Body aches
  • Chills
  • Dry cough
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Sore throat
  • Stuffy nose
The fever begins to decline on the second or third day of the illness. The flu never causes symptoms in the stomach and intestines. The illness that some call "stomach flu" and not influenza.

Diagnosis

Health care providers diagnose the flu on the basis of whether it is epidemic in the community and whether the person's complaints fit the current pattern of symptoms. Health care providers rarely use laboratory tests to identify the virus during an epidemic.

Prevention

Flu Vaccine

The major way to keep from getting flu is to get a yearly flu vaccine. You can get the vaccine at your doctor's office or at a local clinic. The vaccine is also available in many communities at workplaces, supermarkets, and drugstores.

Scientists make a different vaccine every year because the strains of flu viruses change from year to year. Nine to 10 months before the flu season begins, they prepare a new vaccine made from inactivated (killed) flu viruses.

Medicine for Prevention

Flu vaccine is the best way to prevent getting the flu but four antiviral medicines also are available by prescription that will help prevent flu infection. They are considered to be very effective-
  • Tamiflu (oseltamivir)
  • Flumadine (rimantadine)
  • Symmetrel (amantadine)
  • Relenza (zanamivir)

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